Maling detalye sa birth certificate, paano makokorek?

May detalye ka ba sa birth certificate na nais mong ipabago? ABS-CBN News (Feb 19 2020). BASAHIN: Paano maiwawasto ang maling detalye sa birth certificate? https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/19/20/basahin-paano-maiwawasto-ang-maling-detalye-sa-birth-certificate.

"Republic Act No. 9048 amended Articles 376 and 412 of the Civil Code, effectively removing clerical errors and changes of the name outside the ambit of Rule 108 and putting them under the jurisdiction of the civil registrar." (G.R. No. 207074. January 17, 2018)

Sinagot ng isang kawani ng Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) sa programang "Sakto" nitong Miyerkoles ang ilang karaniwang tanong tungkol sa pagpapalit ng maling datos na nilalaman ng birth certificate.

Importante kasi umanong tama ang datos sa nasabing dokumento para walang gusot sa pagproseso ng iba pang papeles, gaya ng passport.

"RA 9048 now governs the change of first name. It vests the power and authority to entertain petitions for change of first name to the city or municipal civil registrar or consul general concerned. Under the law, therefore, jurisdiction over applications for change of first name is now primarily lodged with the aforementioned administrative officers. The intent and effect of the law is to exclude the change of first name from the coverage of Rules 103 (Change of Name) and 108 (Cancellation or Correction of Entries in the Civil Registry) of the Rules of Court, until and unless an administrative petition for change of name is first filed and subsequently denied. It likewise lays down the corresponding venue, form and procedure. In sum, the remedy and the proceedings regulating change of first name are primarily administrative in nature, not judicial." (G.R. No. 207074. January 17, 2018)

Paano maiwawasto ang maling pangalan? ABS-CBN News (Feb 19 2020). BASAHIN: Paano maiwawasto ang maling detalye sa birth certificate? https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/19/20/basahin-paano-maiwawasto-ang-maling-detalye-sa-birth-certificate.

"Names are labels for one's identity. They facilitate social interaction, including the allocation of rights and determination of liabilities. It is for this reason that the State has an interest in one's name." (G.R. No. 207074. January 17, 2018)

"In addition to the change of the first name, the day and month of birth, and the sex of a person may now be changed without judicial proceedings. Republic Act No. 10172 clarifies that these changes may now be administratively corrected where it is patently clear that there is a clerical or typographical mistake in the entry. It may be changed by filing a subscribed and sworn affidavit with the local civil registry office of the city or municipality where the record being sought to be corrected or changed is kept." (G.R. No. 207074. January 17, 2018)

 Ayon kay Marissa Grande, pinuno ng PSA Civil Register Management Division, kinakailangan munang maghain ng "petition for administrative correction" ang aplikante.

Isusumite ito at ang iba pang mga requirement sa Local City Registry Office (LCRO).

Kapag hindi na nakatira ang aplikante sa siyudad kung saan siya ipinanganak, kinakailangan pang maghain ng "migrant petition" kapag gagawin ito sa tinitirahang siyudad.

"Halimbawa ngayon nasa Manila ka pero ipinanganak ka sa Cebu, puwede kang mag-avail ng migrant petition," ani Grande.

Nasa P1,000 ang processing fee ng mga "correction of clerical error" habang P3,000 ang singil kapag babaguhin ang first name sa birth certificate.

"The petition for change of first name may be allowed, among other grounds, if the new first name has been habitually and continuously used by the petitioner and he or she has been publicly known by that first name in the community. The local city or municipal civil registrar or consul general has the primary jurisdiction to entertain the petition. It is only when such petition is denied that a petitioner may either appeal to the civil registrar general or file the appropriate petition with the proper court." (G.R. No. 207074. January 17, 2018)

Puwede ba ipabago ang kasarian sa birth certificate? ABS-CBN News (Feb 19 2020). BASAHIN: Paano maiwawasto ang maling detalye sa birth certificate? https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/19/20/basahin-paano-maiwawasto-ang-maling-detalye-sa-birth-certificate.

"The determination of a person's sex appearing in his birth certificate is a legal issue and the court must look to the statutes. In this connection, Article 412 of the Civil Code provides: ART. 412. No entry in a civil register shall be changed or corrected without a judicial order." (G.R. No. 207074. January 17, 2018)

Isa rin sa karaniwang pinapabago ang kasarian sa birth certificate, na sinusundan din ang proseso sa pagpapabago ng pangalan.

Pero nilinaw ni Grande na para lang ito sa mga "typographical error" at hindi para sa mga sumasailalim sa sex change.

Paano kapag nais sundan ang apelyido ng ama? ABS-CBN News (Feb 19 2020). BASAHIN: Paano maiwawasto ang maling detalye sa birth certificate? https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/19/20/basahin-paano-maiwawasto-ang-maling-detalye-sa-birth-certificate.

Kung ginamit ng anak ang apelyido ng biological na ina at nais nitong sundan ang apelyido ng ama, maaaring mag-apply para sa supplemental report.

Ihahain lang ito sa LCRO at kung kasal ang mga magulang, dapat patunayang may kasalang nangyari sa pagitan nila.

"Puwede gamitin 'yung last name ng tatay provided na acknowledged siya ng tatay niya, and then ipinanganak siya ng March 19, 2004 onwards," ani Grande.

"Pero kung ipinanganak before ang family code (o kung ipinanganak mula) August 3, 1988 [hanggang] March 18, 2004 puwede pa rin i-acknowledge through affidavit of admission of paternity 'yon nga lang po hindi niya magagamit ang apelyido ng tatay niya," dagdag niya.

Kung gusto namang ipagamit sa anak ang apelyido ng bagong asawa, maaaring mag-file ng adoption.

"Under the old rules, a person would have to file an action in court under Rule 103 for substantial changes in the given name or surname provided they fall under any of the valid reasons recognized by law, or Rule 108 for corrections of clerical errors. xxx Rule 103 procedurally governs judicial petitions for change of given name or surname, or both, pursuant to Article 376 of the Civil Code. This rule provides the procedure for an independent special proceeding in court to establish the status of a person involving his relations with others, that is, his legal position in, or with regard to, the rest of the community. In petitions for change of name, a person avails of a remedy to alter the "designation by which he is known and called in the community in which he lives and is best known." When granted, a person's identity and interactions are affected as he bears a new "label or appellation for the convenience of the world at large in addressing him, or in speaking of, or dealing with him." Judicial permission for a change of name aims to prevent fraud and to ensure a record of the change by virtue of a court decree." (G.R. No. 207074. January 17, 2018)