Breaches of obligation
Article 1170 of the Civil Code of the Philippines provides the breaches of obligation, to wit:
Fraud (dolo). The fraud contemplated by
the foregoing provision is the deliberate
and intentional evasion of the normal
fulfillment of obligations.
ART. 1170. Those who in the performance of their obligations are guilty of fraud, negligence, or delay, and those who in any manner contravene the tenor thereof, are liable for damages. (1101)
Fraud (dolo). The fraud contemplated by
the foregoing provision is the deliberate
and intentional evasion of the normal
fulfillment of obligations. Negligence (culpa). Fault or negligence of the debtor as an incident in the fulfillment of an existing obligation.
Delay (mora). Delay in the fulfillment of the obligation. The delay however must be imputable to the debtor/obligor.
And those who in any manner contravene the tenor thereof. Covers any illicit act which impairs the strict and faithful fulfillment of the obligation