What is casual condition?
The second part of Article 1182 of the Civil Code of the Philippines discusses the concept of casual condition, to wit:
Casual condition may be viewed in two aspects: depends upon chance or depends upon the will of a third person. Example, X obliges himself in favor of Y to give Php10,000 to Y if he wins a case in the Supreme Court. In this example the condition is subject to the will of a third person. Hence, it is a casual condition.
ART. 1182. When the fulfillment of the condition depends upon the sole will of the debtor, the conditional obligation shall be void. If it depends upon chance or upon the will of a third person, the obligation shall take effect in conformity with the provisions of this Code. (1115) (Emphasis supplied)
Casual condition may be viewed in two aspects: depends upon chance or depends upon the will of a third person. Example, X obliges himself in favor of Y to give Php10,000 to Y if he wins a case in the Supreme Court. In this example the condition is subject to the will of a third person. Hence, it is a casual condition.